What Is Cohesion in Composition

In writing, cohesion is the use of repetition,  pronouns, transitional expressions, and other devices called cohesive clues to guide readers and show how the parts of a composition relate to one other. Writer and editor  Roy Peter Clark makes a distinction between  coherence  and cohesion in Writing Tools: 50 Essential Strategies for Every Writer as being between the sentence and text level by saying that when the big parts fit, we call that good feeling coherence; when sentences connect we call it cohesion. In other words, cohesion involves the way  ideas and relationships are communicated to readers, notes the  Writing Center  at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.​ Sticking Text Together In the simplest terms, cohesion is the process of linking and connecting sentences together through a variety of linguistic and semantic ties, which can be broken into three types of semantic relationships: immediate, mediated, and remote ties. In each case, cohesion is the relationship between two elements in written or oral text where the two elements may be clauses, words, or phrases. In immediate ties, the two elements that are linked occur in adjacent sentences, as in: Cory idolized Troye Sivan. He also loves to sing. In this example, Cory is mentioned by name in the first sentence and then conveyed in the second sentence through the use of the pronoun he, which renames Cory. On the other hand, mediated ties occur through a link in an intervening sentence, such as: Hailey enjoys horseback riding. She attends lessons in the fall. She gets better every year. In this example,  the pronoun she is used as a cohesion device to tie the name and subject Hailey through all three sentences. Finally, if two cohesive elements occur in nonadjacent sentences, they create a remote tie wherein the middle sentence of a paragraph or group of sentences might have nothing to do with the subject of the first or third, but cohesive elements inform or remind the reader of the third sentence of the firsts subject. Cohesion vs. Coherence Although cohesion and coherence were considered to be the same thing until around the mid-1970s, the two have since been differentiated by M.A.K. Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasans 1973 Cohesion in English, which says the two should be separated to better understand the finer nuances of the lexical and grammatical usage of both. As Irwin Weiser put it in his article Linguistics, cohesion is now understood to be a textual quality, which can be attained through grammatical and lexical elements used within and between sentences to give readers a better understanding of context. On the other hand, says Weiser: Coherence refers to the overall consistency of a discourse—purpose, voice, content, style, form, and so on—and is in part determined by readers perceptions of texts, dependent not only on linguistic and contextual information but also on readers abilities to draw upon other kinds of knowledge. Halliday and Hasan go on to clarify that cohesion occurs when the interpretation of one element is dependent on that of another, wherein one presupposes the other, in the sense that it cannot be effectively decoded except by recourse to it. This makes the concept of cohesion a semantic notion, wherein all meaning is derived from the text and its arrangement. Making Writing Clear In  composition, coherence refers to the meaningful  connections that readers or listeners perceive in a  written or oral text, often called  linguistic  or discourse coherence, and can occur on either the local or global level, depending on the  audience  and writer. Coherence is directly increased by the amount of guidance a writer provides to the reader, either through context clues or through direct use of transitional phrases to direct the reader through an argument or narrative. Cohesion, by contrast, is a way  to make writing  more coherent when readers are able to make connections across sentences and paragraphs, says the Writing Center at UMass, adding: On the sentence level, this can include when the last few words of one set up information that appears in the first few words of the next. That’s what gives us our experience of flow. In other words, cohesion is the semantic tool you use to make your writing more coherent.

Essay on Brain Cancer - 996 Words

The brain is made up of millions upon millions of cells. These cells are formed from before birth, up until about 7 years old. Once these brain cells stop dividing, they are never meant to divide again. You can see that the division of brain cells is under strict regulation and control. When this control is lost in a single cell, then it starts dividing in an uncontrolled manner. All of the data obtained through research on cancer shows that this disease is caused by a rapidly dividing cell, with no regulators to stop it from dividing. As the cell makes more and more copies of itself, it grows to form a tumor. This is known as cancer. When a tumor is developed on the brain, it is called a brain tumor or brain cancer. Brain tumors can be†¦show more content†¦Heredity also plays a role in the development of cancer. If a person’s relatives have a history of cancer, then that person has a higher risk of developing cancer. Genetic variations, particularly those influencing how the body responds to carcinogens, may create a greater vulnerability to cancer. Brain cancer is usually accompanied at first by headaches and seizures. Later symptoms could include nausea, vomiting, fever, change in pulse, and trouble breathing. Other mental changes may also occur such as difficulty in communication. Symptoms greatly depend on the location of the tumor. For example, if the tumor were located on the part of the brain controlling vision, then vision would be affected. Once a person has been diagnosed with brain cancer, treatment should begin immediately. Treatment for brain tumors involves any combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Some tumors require several different surgical procedures; some can be treated with radiation alone. Surgery is the best process to remove a brain tumor. Surgery attempts to remove most, if not all of the tumor. Once most of the tumor is removed, the rest of the tumor can be removed through a process called radiotherapy. Radiotherapy, also called radiation therapy, is the treatment of cancer and other diseases with radiation. Radiotherapy is used when the entire primary tumor cannot be surgically removed. Radiotherapy deposits energyShow MoreRelatedBrain Cancer1755 Words   |  8 PagesDecember 2010 Brain Cancer in Children Brain Cancer is a common disease amongst children today. There is a lot of information concerning brain cancer, available to anyone who wishes to learn more of the disease. There are different types of brain tumors. As a matter of fact, there are over 100 types of brain tumors! Cancers of the brain are the result of abnormal growth of cells in the brain. 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Three African Novels free essay sample

An examination of three books by contemporary African writers. This paper introduces and discusses the books, So Long a Letter by Mariama Ba, Devil on the Cross by Ngg wa Thiongo and Julys People by Nadine Gordimer. Specifically, the author discusses and explains gender and family in So Long a Letter, the aspects of Colonialism and Imperialism in Devil on the Cross, and cultural freedom and integrity in Julys People. In So Long a Letter, Mariama Ba writes of Ramatoulaye, a Senegalese schoolteacher in her 50s, whose husband decides to take a second wife without Ramatoulayes knowledge. Of course, the new wife is younger and prettier than Ramatoulaye, and her husbands selfish move devastates her. The book is written in the form of a touching and emotional letter to her best friend from childhood, someone she feels she can trust. We walked the same paths from adolescence to maturity, where the past begets the present (Ba 1). We will write a custom essay sample on Three African Novels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page