Myer Holdings Limited (Myer) Free Essays

Forthcoming investigation †conjecture The past reports have just moved toward the business and money related examination of Myer. This report will break down the conjecture, valuation and utilization of Myer, including determining the significant information, valuating share cost under four model and talking about the chance and challenge of Myer. 1. We will compose a custom paper test on Myer Holdings Limited (Myer) or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Estimate deals development rate As one of the most significant pointers, deals can reflect straightforwardly Myer’s money related execution and impact different markers. Hence, the gauge of deals development rate is the establishment for estimating Myer. In view of the past yearly reports from 2007 to 2011, Myer’s deals are not hopeful and the normal development rate is negative 2. 89%. The decay of both worldwide economy and buy intensity of shoppers in Australia will prompt the downturn of entire industry and unsatisfied execution of Myer in 2012. Furthermore, development of 20% web based shopping shows that an ever increasing number of customers want to buy online rather than in the shops . In this manner, negative 1% of deals development rate for Myer can be expected in 2012. In any case, Australia would have a debilitating worldwide economy affect and have solid national development later on . As indicated by IMF, Australian economy development rate is relied upon up to 3. 5% in 2013 . Considering the past exhibition of Myer, 2% of development rate can be expected for 2013. From that point onward, 3% of development rate can be accepted from 2014 to 2017 and the deals would roughly even to 2007. (See underneath outline) Previous years ‘00020072008200920102011Average rate Sales3,002,3532,940,3312,798,9162,825,0342,666,803? deals development? - 2. 07%-4. 81%0. 93%-5. 60%-2. 89% Future years ?2011201220132014201520162017 Sales development? - 1%2%3%3%3%3% 2. Figure ATO compute NOA As per the previous five years’ information, Myer’s Assets Turnover proportion (ATO) declined gradually following the reduction of deals, aside from 2011 down rapidly. Accordingly, the normal rate 2. 05 can be utilized to foresee the future years. (See beneath graph) ? 20072008200920102011Average rate ATO2. 02 2. 282. 152. 001. 772. 05 3. Figure PM ascertain NOPAT Profit Margin (PM) is another significant pointer in determining Myer’s execution. This marker relates between the deals and cost of products sold and working expenses. The opposition in retail industry is more grounded than previously. That implies through expanding deals or decline COS to build PM is increasingly troublesome. The difference in PM vacillated notably over the most recent five years. So as to reasonably anticipate the information, the normal of 7. 5% can be utilized as the future PM development rate. (See underneath graph) ? 20072008200920102011Average rate benefit margin4. 7%13. 4%4. 9%7. 8%6. 6%7. 5% 4. Estimate net profit payout Dividend payout is a huge marker to impact share cost. Thusly, assessing this rate implies the individuals can decide Myer whether centers around profiting investors and decorates share cost or not. As indicated by the previous 5 years, just 3 years Myer delivered profits. After figuring, the normal rate dependent on 3 years is 45% and 5 years is 27%. In any case, 27% is excessively low for investors if Myer acquire more benefit base on the conjecture. Also, the majority of profits payout is higher than half. Along these lines, the guaging profit payout rate is assessed by 45%. (See beneath outline) ? 20072008200920102011Average rate(3yrs)Average rate(5yrs) Dividend0%50%0%28%59%45%27% 5. Figure cost of obligation and obligation balance Basically, cost of obligation implies the cost of liabilities. Deciding the expense of obligation is just as setting up the budgetary structure, for example, how much obligation Myer plan to obtain. As indicated by the past information, Myer reimbursed a gigantic measure of obligation in 2010 and prompted the expense up and net obligation down. Nonetheless, the obligation didn't ascend again and kept the comparative level as 2010. Along these lines, worried about the expense of obligation, the normal of 10. 75% appears to be increasingly sensible to foresee what's to come. (See beneath outline) ? 20072008200920102011Average rate % cost of debt6. 25%6. 41%6. 36%30. 31%4. 41%10. 75% net obligation (ND)928,503 856,242 904,258 414,574 457,362 ? Planned †Valuation Four strategies are utilized to valuate Myer, DDM, DAE, DAOE and DCF. Also, two different ways are utilized to decide cost of capital, which are CAPM and WACC. In CAPM model, hazard free rate, chance premium rate and ? are expected independently 4. 5%, 6. 5% and 1. 1. It is difficult to decide ? since it changes each day. Expecting 1. 1 for? implies the vacillation of Myer share cost is somewhat more grounded than the market however not all that much . Thusly, cost of capital (Re) is determined by the recipe and equivalents to 11. 65%. This Re is utilized in DDM and DAE. In WACC model, since Re is 11. 5%, Rf is determined by recipe and equivalents to 11. 43%. This Rf is utilized in DAOE and DCF. The offer cost is determined by these 4 unique models. (See underneath graph) ModelForecast Share cost in 2012 DDM1. 7423 DAE2. 4548 DAOE2. 5603 DCF2. 5603 DDM is affected unequivocally by profits since this model uses profits to compute estimation of offers. On the of f chance that the organization doesn't deliver profits, the offer cost would be lower. Myer is assessed to deliver profits in 45% and the offer value closes to piece of the pie cost. (See beneath outline) DateLast % Change High Low Vol * 24 Oct 20121. 950-1. 27% 1. 621. 9306,259,477 This model is straightforward Myer’s business conditions. Be that as it may, this is influenced by profits excessively and profits are not continually connecting the worth creation , the valuation model appears to be constrained. Clearly, this can't mirror the Myer’s genuine worth and conditions. Moreover, contrasted with DDM, DAE includes in other marker irregular income to esteem Myer share cost and is smarter to introduce Myer’s conditions. Myer share cost in DAE is higher than DDM on the grounds that it reflects book estimation of value and PV of future strange profit to include share esteem. Along these lines, this is all the more near the genuine exhibition of Myer. Likewise, DAOE model is comparable with DAE separated from that DAOE centers around the value which is dictated by working irregular income. This dispenses with the impact of Myer’s budgetary exercises to ascertain irregular profit. In any case, Myer’s money related worth has been added to the value at long last. Thusly, this can reflect Myer’s condition in working. At long last, DCF model spotlights on income which brings about the value increments. Generally, it can get a similar offer cost with DAOE, however doesn't influenced by bookkeeping rules. In any case, speculations are treated as misfortunes for income, which can carry progressively future advantages to Myer. In this way, in the event that Myer plans to utilize ventures to deliver free income, at that point this model is exceptionally close Myer’s genuine conditions. Planned †Sensitivity On one side, Myer is retail chain and contend in retail industry. Irregularity is increasingly critical angle in retail industry. The blast seasons for Myer are the finish of monetary year and Christmas occasions. Additionally, the climate, new items in season or different elements are the viewpoints which Myer is touchy. On the opposite side, as indicated by Appendix 4, the four models of affectability can be examined. For the pointers of deals, ATO, profit payout, DDM is the most touchy, while DCF and DAOE are not delicate. In any case, DDM isn't touchy paying off debtors, while DCF and DAOE are generally delicate. Application Opportunities According to the estimate examination and valuation, Myer has some potential chances to develop herself and dispose of the troublesome conditions despite the fact that the downturn of condition extends the entire retail industry. Myer is anticipated to deliver more profits to their investors in estimate investigation. This will junkie more speculator to purchase offers and this can push the offer cost to ascend. Likewise, the book estimation of value for Myer can be expanded and this prompts nobody can purchase Myer’s share lower than book esteem. Consequently, a higher merger worth or obtaining worth can be made. In the end, Myer will get progressively funding to speculation. In this manner, Myer has a chance to contribute this implemental capital. Worried about the future economy, Australia will have solid residential economy increment . Subsequently, Australian utilization and necessity will be up. Subsequently, keeping and keeping up household shoppers are as yet the primary undertakings for Myer. With the web based shopping dissolved the customary shopping stores, Myer ought to improve their web based shopping administrations, for example, enhancing and making it helpful for clients. Myer’s CEO reported they would dispatch another â€Å"omni-channel† administration to animate shoppers shop online . Clearly, Myer has just perceived internet shopping is the fundamental technique to recover piece of the overall industry. Moreover, extending the abroad market appears to be a decent sheep for Myer to expand benefit. As of late, Australia government has consented to two Free Trade Arrangement exchanges with China and Japan independently. This gives a firm establishment to support progressively outside speculations among Australia and both of nations . In this way, Myer can be given more backings to put resources into China and Japan. There are three explanations behind Myer to pick China instead of Japan to set up the principal abroad branch. Right off the bat, 1. 34 billion of China populace is more steady for utilization establishment than 127million of Japan . Besides, the upside of trade can give more advantages to Myer to put resources into abroad. Thirdly, more results of Myer are created by China; in this way, setting up branch in china can spare the conveyance cost and expense. Difficulties Although Myer’s estimating is increasingly gainful, it despite everything has a possible test for borrowings. As a matter of first importance, the reason for credit for Myer might be to extend its shops or update its web based shopping. These have more c

The Impact of Private Education In Saudi Arabia On Expatriate Teachers Research Proposal

The Impact of Private Education In Saudi Arabia On Expatriate Teachers And Students - Research Proposal Example 3. Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 The Research Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Points and Objective of the Research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14The Study Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Factual Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Dynamic The effect of tuition based schools in Saudi Arabia on exile instructors and understudies is the enthusiasm of this exploratory investigation. Utilizing subjective strategy for inquire about, the analyst will in like manner investigate the lives of families and their comparing youngsters in the nation, their encounters in managing Arab and different societies, the noteworthy encounters that ostracize instructors can reclaim to their particular nations, and recognize the kind of tertiary training that understudies in the host nation can go to later on. The specialist will utilize the subjective distinct strategy for inquire about. In the assortment of instructive information, the analyst will lead a meeting on exile instructors and understudies in their particular schools in Saudi Arabia. These information will incorporate school execution or accomplishment scores, culture of the schools, culture of the ostracizes educators and understudies, rundown of advantages for the exiles instructors and understudies, and execution of the exile educators and understudies. The gathered information will be processed measurably for mean, middle, mode, percentile rank, and relative recurrence. Part 1 Presentation Routinely, instruction of a nation's residents is left to those individuals who have picked up... This examination fundamentally centered around the data given by the non-public schools in Saudi Arabia. The respondents of the investigation are the ostracize instructors and understudies. The Local instructors and understudies were excluded from this examination. The scientist went over various books, diaries, and online assets. The investigations which were discovered applicable to the current day examine are referenced beneath. This report makes an end that the Saudi Arabian government understood the requirement for its nationals to be successful conversationalist with the world. This was driven by its broad oil and totals items fare to different nations. For instance, ARAMCO in 1968 made a verbal correspondence program for remote vernacular tutoring. This was outfitted towards yields or individuals that are acquainted with various vernaculars. Having picked up the essential discussion apparatuses, these individuals were posted and utilized by the Saudi government to numerous delicate territories of the business element. Then again, on account of the oil send out business of Saudi Arabia, a few nationals need to go to remote nations to close arrangements and complete related exchanges. All these as far as anyone knows require the capability in communicating in and perusing unknown dialect as the Saudi nationals can not generally depend on language interpreters. In addition, Mecca in Saudi Arabia is the Isla mic gathering place for journey. Along these lines, Muslims from outside nations normally seek the strict ceremonies.

Write My Research Paper Cheap

Write My Research Paper CheapCan you write your research paper cheap? I hope so. It is not possible to write a thesis or dissertation without knowing how to sell it in your seminar.The first thing you need to do before you start writing your research paper is to collect facts and information about the topic of the paper. When you are actually writing the paper, you will need to identify the problems you want to solve in order to achieve your goal.In order to write your research paper cheap, you have to make use of the internet. The internet has many sources for free information that will help you analyze data.Another thing you can do is read a book about the topic you are writing your paper on. Make sure that you understand the problem as well as the solution of the problem before you begin writing your paper.Thirdly, write a short article about the topic you are writing your paper on. For example, if you are writing about growing food, then you could write a short article on plantin g flowers to start with.Another way to write your research paper cheap is to find a student with the same subject and study them. What you should be looking for is the personality of the student and their ability to communicate their ideas in the topic.Furthermore, if you are not willing to go outside and attend seminars, then writing short articles is the best alternative for you. However, make sure that you do not copy the exact material that they write because you might lose the essence of what they are saying.Lastly, write the paper as you would like to read it instead of just doing the outline of the paper in a cheap way. You have to provide the readers with something fresh.

Stress in the Workplace and its Effects - Free Essay Example

STRESS IN THE WORKPLACE AND ITS EFFECTS 1 Abstract Stress in the workplace has been identified as one of the most costly problems in the 21st century. The economic condition has led to an emotional roller coaster for all the employees around the world. The ultimate result is feelings of uncertainty, feeling insecure, stress, and finally burn out. Therefore, the work place should identify the symptoms and treat accordingly, before it loses its valuable workforce. Employees should also stay alert on their emotional and physical wellbeing to avoid any kind of loss to the work place. This literature review discusses the correlation between work stress, and employee performance and productivity. The argument is built through a number of related factors such as causes of stress; identification; how it affect the company, employers, and employees; precautions and methods to be taken; and the positive effects of a stress free work place. It is important to establish a stress free work place that would enhance job performance, m otivation, productivity, and efficiency of workers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Stress in the workplace affects employee performance hence the overall productivity. Companies face financial losses on a daily basis due to high employee turnover and lowered productivity.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  United Nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s International Labor Organization defines occupational stress as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“global epidemic,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Maxon, 2009). Almost all the companies around the world face the most costly problem: stress of the workers. American Psychological Association defines stress as specific and nonspecific responses a person elicit to highly demanding stimulus or stimuli that disturbs the equilibrium of mind (Glossary of psychological, 2002). There is a high correlation between employee stress, job performance, and productivity. As the stress increases, job performance and productivity decreases. The risk factors, gender and ethnic discrimination, and emotional and physical ailments inhibit job motivation. Hence, work place should take necessary steps to establish a stress free work environment, in order to enhance productivity and motivation of employees. Research has identified that 60% of the annual lost workdays is due to employee stress. It is also estimated that 75-90% of workers seek health care due to stress related problems. This not only affects their work life, but also affects their economy as it is relatively costly. Job related stress influence the wellbeing of an organization both directly and indirectly. In a survey done by The Wall Street Journal, reports that one out of three people considered quitting their jobs and 14% of employees actually did because of the work stress (Maxon, 2009). Likewise, employee turnover affects a company if it is a functional turnover, when good performance quit. Still, it would be costly for the organization as replacing new workers need to be trained for the new job. It will take few weeks or months for the o rganization to function as usual (Schultz Schultz, 2010). Contrary, job related stress affect the organization indirectly, as employees make more mistakes, become disorganized, give less input, and become careless about work. This would affect companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s overall productivity, and would also lead to more customer complaints. This would also leads to great financial losses as the company start losing customers due to less productivity. Thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a negative correlation between work stress and, job motivation and efficiency. Therefore, measures need to be taken by both employee and employers to establish a stress free work place, while enhancing productivity and job motivation. The work stress differs from occupation to occupation. When considering physical health, psychological wellbeing, and job satisfaction; six jobs have shown below average level of job satisfaction mainly due to work place stress. These occupations are ambulance workers, social se rvices, teachers, customer services, call centers, police, and prison officers. The potential cause for this is identified as high stress jobs associated with high emotional labor (Johnson, Cooper Cartwright, 2005). There are many internal causes for work stress, including structure of the task, interpersonal relationships, work roles, management styles, career concerns, and environmental conditions. (Maseda, 2004) These six causes could be further elaborated as follows. If the design of the task is less important and meaningful to the employee, if it has long working hours, and if thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a negative correlation between the job task and skills of the employee; it could lead to stress. Poor interpersonal relationships too could lead to stress, as the worker do not get enough emotional support from colleagues and supervisors. The third factor, the work role affects workers when there are high job expectations or high responsibility. Management style which leads to st ress is the authoritarian leadership style. The lack of communication between the employees and management, and lack of input in decision making can lead to stress. Another factor is career concerns, where the employee feels job insecurity, changes in advancement, and lack of opportunity for promotion. Last but not least, environmental factors play a huge role in work place stress. Poor work place design, lighting, noise, crowding, and other ergonomic problems positively correlate with job stress (Schultz Schultz, 2010). Work place bullying and discrimination also leads to employee stress. This comes under gender and ethnic harassment, where the harassment/ discrimination can take place between the employer and employee, between employees, and clients and employee. Many researchers have identified that it happens frequently on females and minority groups. As mentioned in the Minnesota Law Review, sexual harassment in the work place can be divided into three categories: classic o r non-sexual harassment, sexual harassment, and mixed harassment (Frisch, 2014). Non-sexual discrimination comes in the form of offensive statements targeted at a person based on his/her gender. These are more or less like stereotypes the society holds. For an example, women are considered à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“dumbà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  at the workplace. The next type of discrimination, sexual discrimination usually involves physical harassment, sexually explicit comments, or sexual advances. Mixed harassment is when an employee experiences both sexual and non-sexual harassment at the same time (Frisch, 2014). Another cause for stress is ethnic harassment faced by minority groups in the work place. Minority stressors also link with psychological distress as well as job satisfaction and productivity. It has been identified that there are four factors that arouse stress in minority workers: discrimination, beliefs about stigma, internalized heterosexism, and suppression of identity. Stress is aro used when people are exposed to external conditions such as harassment, prejudice, and hate crimes. Lack of legal protection for minority workers makes a sense of insecurity. Finally, all these things would result in poor mental health and productivity of employees. (Velez Brandon, 2013) Recognizing warning signs of stress is also very important for both the employer and employee. Then the work place could apply good stress prevention strategies for to each and every worker. In the same way, the organization would be able to produce more efficient and skilled work force. There is no person other than the employee who could identify stress and take precautions to avoid it. Lack of confidence, irritability, feeling anxious, withdrawn, and lack of interest in work are the primary symptoms of stress. This could lead to chronic conditions such as physical ailments, lack of sex drive, alcohol dependency, trouble concentrating, and finally social withdrawal (Rusli, Edimansyah Lin, 200 8). Not only it interfere employee performance and productivity, but also chronic stress leads to severe health conditions as well. Cortisol; the stress hormone, weakens the bodyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s immune system. Increase levels of Cortisol leads to deterioration of T-cells, which is essential for immunity (Pomerantz, 2013). Relating stress to the workplace; job burnout is the syndrome a worker may face due to emotional exhaustion, lack of accomplishments and depersonalization. Hence, it is important for the employees to take care of themselves, for the sake of their family and their organization. The stress in the work place could be reduced by both employees and employers. The best method is to employees to take care of themselves and be responsible of mental and physical wellbeing of them. First, job stress could be reduced by prioritizing and organizing the responsibilities. Time management and task management have to be done in a proper way to enhance efficiency. When consid ering time management, having a balanced schedule is important. The work life should be balanced with family and social life. Also, employees should make measures not to over commit themselves. Distinguishing the difference between à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“should,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“mustsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  would contribute for a balanced schedule. The employee should have regular breaks throughout the day. Leaving early to work would also help to have a much relaxed day. Thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a huge difference between rushing to the work desk and, relaxing or easing oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s self with a coffee before a busy day. Hence, the employee should identify the difference between those and prioritize daily tasks in order, to have an efficient day. Task management is the other factor under prioritizing and organizing tasks. Willingness to compromise, or rather finding a happy middle ground between other co-workers would enhance efficiency. Therefore, employees should be fl exible enough to contribute differently to different tasks. By this employees could delegate responsibility among each other. Breaking projects among co-workers would take away unnecessary stress from a worker (Otto,Kathlene, 2007). Apart from prioritization and organization; improvement of emotional intelligence also helps to reduce job stress. Emotional intelligence has four components which could be applied in the work place by workers. Self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management may reduce emotional conflicts. To raise emotional intelligence, a person has to first realize whether heà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s stressed out or not. The next step is to stay connected with emotions and managing it. The more a person ignores his/her emotions; the more conflicts will arise with other employees leading to poor communication skills. Therefore, using positive methods such as using humor to tackle problems have a negative correlation with stress. Another fact is resisting perfectionism. Employees should understand that achieving perfectionism in everything is not necessary. Unrealistic goals again would turn into employee stress. These are the techniques an employee should practice in order avoid stress. If an employee already experience stress in the work place, he/she should take further precautions to avoid it. Taking time away, sharing it over with someone, developing more interactions at work, and looking for more humor would lighten the hard feelings. (Grawitch Mathew, 2007) Management and employers are the next main figure, who could intervene to establish a stress free work place while enhancing employee satisfaction. For this managers can act as role models. For an example, if a manager can stay calm in a stressful situation, it would reinforce workers to behave similarly in such situations. Improving communication, consulting employees, and cultivating a friendly social climate are three measures the management can take to re duce stress. To improve communication, the management has to clearly state the job responsibilities and job roles, and also share information about the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s future goals, present success etc. This would reduce the doubts and uncertainty of the job. Consulting the employees is important, as it would reduce their stress as well as their ideas and suggestions would help the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s success. Hence, having a democratic work environment is the best measure any organization could take. Furthermore, employees should be valued and praised for their performance, and offer rewards and incentives. Employers should give appropriate work load, which suits their skills, and the deadlines should be realistic. Providing career guidance and new opportunities would also enhance employer-employee relationship and it will have a negative correlation with workplace stress. Third factor, cultivating a friendly climate is also essential for job productivity and effi ciency. The social climate could be between employer-employee, employee-employee, or employer-client. However, it should be rewarding for both and it should enhance motivation and satisfaction. (Richardson Katherine, 2008) Next factor to seek solutions is gender and ethnic discrimination. For gender discrimination, work place should implement policies to avoid any sort of discrimination or unfairness experience by any gender (Frisch, 2014).Focusing on ethnic harassment, Identity management strategies (IMS) have shown effective outcomes after being used on minority workers with work distress. It involves intercultural and intra-cultural communication. In a study done on a sample of 326 sexual minority employees, it has been identified that IMS have a positive correlation with job satisfaction. Furthermore, it acts as a buffer between stress and productivity. But, this buffering reduces as the work stress increases. (Velez Brandon, 2013) Establishment of a stress free workplac e benefits both employees and the company. For employees; it leads to many positive outcomes as stress free environment reduces anxiety, fatigue, insomnia, as well as it relaxes mind, improves immune system, alertness, and leads to more healthy social relationships. On the other hand it affects the company, as increased productivity increases income, reduces employee turnover, and as the company gains the most valuable asset; skilled and efficient workforce (Hoel, Sparks Cooper, 2008).Hence, managing stress in the work place is important as it increases employee motivation, productivity, as well as job satisfaction. Employer and employees together should alter the correlation of stress and less productivity to a stress free and more productive work place. Reference Frisch, E. (2014). State sexual harassment definitions and disaggregation of sex discrimination claims. EBSCO host, Retrieved from https://web.a.ebscohost.com.libproxy.mst.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?[email  pr otected]/* */vid=16hid=4212 Velez. , Brandon, (2013). Testing the tenets of minority stress theory in workplace contexts. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60, 532-542. Retrieved from https://web.ebscohost.com.libproxy.mst.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=b890[email  protected]/* */vid=0hid=123bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ Rusli, N., Edimansyah, A., Lin, N. (2008). Working conditions, self-perceived stress, anxiety, depression and quality of life: a structural equation modelling approach.8, 48-59. Retrieved from https://web.a.ebscohost.com.libproxy.mst.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=23[email  protected]/* */hid=4106bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ Pomerantz, A. (2014). Health Psychology. InClinical Psychology(3rd ed., p. 451). SAGE Publications. Schultz, D., Schultz, S. (2010). Working Conditions. InPsychology and Work Today(10th ed., pp. 233-253). Pearson. Maseda, M. (2004). Healthy, stress-free workplace benefits employees, bottom line.Huston Business Journal, Retrieve d from https://www.bizjournals.com/houston/stories/2004/09/06/focus5.html?page=all Glossary of Psychological Terms. (2002). Retrieved April 12, 2015, from https://www.apa.org/research/action/glossary.aspx?tab=18 Johnson, S., Cooper, C., Cartwright, S. (2005). The experience of workÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ related stress across occupations.Journal of Managerial Psychology,20. Retrieved from https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/02683940510579803 Maxon, R. (2009, January 1). Stress in the Workplace: A Costly Epidemic.FDU Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.fdu.edu/newspubs/magazine/99su/stress.html Grawitch, Mathew, J. (2007). Healthy workplace practices and employee outcomes.EBSCOhost,14. Retrieved from https://web.ebscohost.com.libproxy.mst.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=bfd5[email  protected]/* */vid=0hid=123bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ==#db=pdhAN=2007-12374-005 Richardson, Katherine. (2008). Effects of occupational stress management intervention programs: A meta-analysis.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,13. Retrieved from https://web.ebscohost.com.libproxy.mst.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=2[email  protected]/* */hid=123bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ==#db=pdhAN=2008-00533-007 Otto, Kathlene. (2007). Dealing with stress in the workplace: Compensatory effects of belief in a just world.European Psychologist,12. Retrieved from https://web.ebscohost.com.libproxy.mst.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=2551[email  protected]/* */vid=0hid=4104bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ==#db=pdhAN=2007-19361-005 Hoel, H., Sparks, K., Cooper, C. (2008). The cost of violence/stress at work and the benefits of a violence/stress-free working environment. International Labour Organization. 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What Is Cohesion in Composition

In writing, cohesion is the use of repetition,  pronouns, transitional expressions, and other devices called cohesive clues to guide readers and show how the parts of a composition relate to one other. Writer and editor  Roy Peter Clark makes a distinction between  coherence  and cohesion in Writing Tools: 50 Essential Strategies for Every Writer as being between the sentence and text level by saying that when the big parts fit, we call that good feeling coherence; when sentences connect we call it cohesion. In other words, cohesion involves the way  ideas and relationships are communicated to readers, notes the  Writing Center  at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.​ Sticking Text Together In the simplest terms, cohesion is the process of linking and connecting sentences together through a variety of linguistic and semantic ties, which can be broken into three types of semantic relationships: immediate, mediated, and remote ties. In each case, cohesion is the relationship between two elements in written or oral text where the two elements may be clauses, words, or phrases. In immediate ties, the two elements that are linked occur in adjacent sentences, as in: Cory idolized Troye Sivan. He also loves to sing. In this example, Cory is mentioned by name in the first sentence and then conveyed in the second sentence through the use of the pronoun he, which renames Cory. On the other hand, mediated ties occur through a link in an intervening sentence, such as: Hailey enjoys horseback riding. She attends lessons in the fall. She gets better every year. In this example,  the pronoun she is used as a cohesion device to tie the name and subject Hailey through all three sentences. Finally, if two cohesive elements occur in nonadjacent sentences, they create a remote tie wherein the middle sentence of a paragraph or group of sentences might have nothing to do with the subject of the first or third, but cohesive elements inform or remind the reader of the third sentence of the firsts subject. Cohesion vs. Coherence Although cohesion and coherence were considered to be the same thing until around the mid-1970s, the two have since been differentiated by M.A.K. Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasans 1973 Cohesion in English, which says the two should be separated to better understand the finer nuances of the lexical and grammatical usage of both. As Irwin Weiser put it in his article Linguistics, cohesion is now understood to be a textual quality, which can be attained through grammatical and lexical elements used within and between sentences to give readers a better understanding of context. On the other hand, says Weiser: Coherence refers to the overall consistency of a discourse—purpose, voice, content, style, form, and so on—and is in part determined by readers perceptions of texts, dependent not only on linguistic and contextual information but also on readers abilities to draw upon other kinds of knowledge. Halliday and Hasan go on to clarify that cohesion occurs when the interpretation of one element is dependent on that of another, wherein one presupposes the other, in the sense that it cannot be effectively decoded except by recourse to it. This makes the concept of cohesion a semantic notion, wherein all meaning is derived from the text and its arrangement. Making Writing Clear In  composition, coherence refers to the meaningful  connections that readers or listeners perceive in a  written or oral text, often called  linguistic  or discourse coherence, and can occur on either the local or global level, depending on the  audience  and writer. Coherence is directly increased by the amount of guidance a writer provides to the reader, either through context clues or through direct use of transitional phrases to direct the reader through an argument or narrative. Cohesion, by contrast, is a way  to make writing  more coherent when readers are able to make connections across sentences and paragraphs, says the Writing Center at UMass, adding: On the sentence level, this can include when the last few words of one set up information that appears in the first few words of the next. That’s what gives us our experience of flow. In other words, cohesion is the semantic tool you use to make your writing more coherent.

Essay on Brain Cancer - 996 Words

The brain is made up of millions upon millions of cells. These cells are formed from before birth, up until about 7 years old. Once these brain cells stop dividing, they are never meant to divide again. You can see that the division of brain cells is under strict regulation and control. When this control is lost in a single cell, then it starts dividing in an uncontrolled manner. All of the data obtained through research on cancer shows that this disease is caused by a rapidly dividing cell, with no regulators to stop it from dividing. As the cell makes more and more copies of itself, it grows to form a tumor. This is known as cancer. When a tumor is developed on the brain, it is called a brain tumor or brain cancer. Brain tumors can be†¦show more content†¦Heredity also plays a role in the development of cancer. If a person’s relatives have a history of cancer, then that person has a higher risk of developing cancer. Genetic variations, particularly those influencing how the body responds to carcinogens, may create a greater vulnerability to cancer. Brain cancer is usually accompanied at first by headaches and seizures. Later symptoms could include nausea, vomiting, fever, change in pulse, and trouble breathing. Other mental changes may also occur such as difficulty in communication. Symptoms greatly depend on the location of the tumor. For example, if the tumor were located on the part of the brain controlling vision, then vision would be affected. Once a person has been diagnosed with brain cancer, treatment should begin immediately. Treatment for brain tumors involves any combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Some tumors require several different surgical procedures; some can be treated with radiation alone. Surgery is the best process to remove a brain tumor. Surgery attempts to remove most, if not all of the tumor. Once most of the tumor is removed, the rest of the tumor can be removed through a process called radiotherapy. Radiotherapy, also called radiation therapy, is the treatment of cancer and other diseases with radiation. Radiotherapy is used when the entire primary tumor cannot be surgically removed. Radiotherapy deposits energyShow MoreRelatedBrain Cancer1755 Words   |  8 PagesDecember 2010 Brain Cancer in Children Brain Cancer is a common disease amongst children today. There is a lot of information concerning brain cancer, available to anyone who wishes to learn more of the disease. There are different types of brain tumors. As a matter of fact, there are over 100 types of brain tumors! Cancers of the brain are the result of abnormal growth of cells in the brain. 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GoldRead MoreBrain Cancer : The Formation Of A Tumor Or Intracranial Neoplasm Abnormalities1924 Words   |  8 PagesAsa Frankowski BR200 Section 01 Brain Cancer Treatment Abstract: Brain cancer is the formation of a tumor or intracranial neoplasm abnormalities in the brain. The two main types of tumors are malignant or cancerous tumors and benign tumors. The spreading of cancer to other parts of the body is called metastasis. Detection of brain cancer is typically done using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and confirmed by biopsy. The class of the tumor falls into different categories and treatment is determinedRead MoreArticle Rebuttal - Does the Use of Cell Phones Cause Brain Cancer?706 Words   |  3 PagesBCOM/275 March 19, 2012 Tania Say Article Rebuttal Does the Use of Cell Phones Cause Brain Cancer? The Opponent’s Argument In this paper valid points will be presented to refute the statement made by Dr. Ronald Herberman, Director of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, to his faculty and staff on July 21, 2008. â€Å"Limit cell phone use because of the potential risk of cancer† (Reyes, 2009). Herberman based his claim on unpublished data and stated â€Å"it takes too long

Three African Novels free essay sample

An examination of three books by contemporary African writers. This paper introduces and discusses the books, So Long a Letter by Mariama Ba, Devil on the Cross by Ngg wa Thiongo and Julys People by Nadine Gordimer. Specifically, the author discusses and explains gender and family in So Long a Letter, the aspects of Colonialism and Imperialism in Devil on the Cross, and cultural freedom and integrity in Julys People. In So Long a Letter, Mariama Ba writes of Ramatoulaye, a Senegalese schoolteacher in her 50s, whose husband decides to take a second wife without Ramatoulayes knowledge. Of course, the new wife is younger and prettier than Ramatoulaye, and her husbands selfish move devastates her. The book is written in the form of a touching and emotional letter to her best friend from childhood, someone she feels she can trust. We walked the same paths from adolescence to maturity, where the past begets the present (Ba 1). We will write a custom essay sample on Three African Novels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page